The majority of Africa, along with the Middle East and Russia, continues to ignore and abuse the human rights of men who have sex with men. Punitive laws that criminalise same-sex activity drive this population underground, elevating their risk of HIV and preventing them from accessing healthcare, including HIV services.

Late diagnosis, though on the decline, remains one of the key challenges in prevention and treatment of HIV in the UK.

The UK has made significant progress in antiretroviral treatment coverage in recent decades. However, late diagnosis remains a key challenge.