SIDA y VIH
Men are more affected by HIV and AIDS in the United States than women. In 2008 males accounted for 3 out of 4 AIDS diagnoses in the U.S.
The HIV transmission route leading to the most AIDS diagnosis in 2008 was male-to-male sexual contact, followed by injection drug use and heterosexual contact.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publish HIV statistics for 37 states and 5 dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting. AIDS statistics include all 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as the 5 dependent areas.
HIV statistics
CDC statistics show that in 2007, 73% of persons living with a diagnosis of HIV infection were male adults or adolescents.
Just over half of men diagnosed with HIV in 2008 became infected through male-to-male sexual contact, around 30% of those diagnosed were infected through heterosexual contact, and 10.5% through injecting drug use.
Between 2005 and 2008, annual HIV diagnoses increased among men who have sex with men (MSM) and those who were exposed through heterosexual contact. Infections decreased among IDUs and children. Of the 182 HIV diagnoses among children in 2008, 141 were probably infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission.
Estimated adult and adolescent HIV diagnoses in 2008 by transmission route and gender
| Transmission route | Male | Female | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male-to-male sexual contact | 22,810 | - | 22,472 |
| Injection drug use | 2,825 | 1,619 | 4,939 |
| Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use | 1,173 | - | 1,260 |
| Heterosexual contact | 4,677 | 8,963 | 13,627 |
| Other | 111 | 80 | 198 |
| Total* | 31,595 | 10,662 | 35,180 |
* Because totals are calculated independently of the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum exactly to the figure in the 'Total' row
AIDS statistics
Adult and adolescent males accounted for 74% of people diagnosed with AIDS in 2008. Between 2005 and 2008 the rate of AIDS diagnoses remained stable among adult and adolescent males, but decreased slightly among females.
Between 2005 and 2008 the number of AIDS diagnoses increased among those who were exposed through male-to-male sexual contact and decreased among those exposed through injecting drug use.
Estimated adult and adolescent AIDS diagnoses in 2008 and cumulative diagnoses since the beginning of the epidemic to end-2008, by transmission route and gender
| Transmission route | 2008 diagnoses | Cumulative diagnoses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | |
| Male-to-male sexual contact | 17,940 |
- | 17,940 | 518,618 | - | 518,618 |
| Injection drug use | 3,818 | 2,311 |
6,129 | 196,068 | 87,258 | 283,356 |
| Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use | 1,729 | - | 1,729 | 76,584 | - | 76,584 |
| Heterosexual contact | 4,420 | 7,303 | 11,723 | 72,146 | 125,090 | 197,236 |
| Other | 230 | 199 | 429 | 13,270 | 7,578 | 20,848 |
| Total* | 26,355 | 9,813 | 36,168 | 876,687 | 219,927 | 1,096,642 |
* Because totals are calculated independently of the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum exactly to the figure in the 'Total' row
See our AIDS statistics by race and age page for further information broken down by racial/ethnic group.
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Notes
- The latest statistics on HIV and AIDS in the USA were published in June 2010 by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In order to make better use of the data collected, the CDC made a number of changes from previous reports, including replacing the older definition 'HIV/AIDS' with 'diagnosis of HIV infection'. 'Summary of Changes to the National HIV Surveillance Report' contains more information.
- AIDS statistics include data from 50 states, the District of Columbia and 5 dependent U.S. areas. HIV statistics are based on data from only 37 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas. Although all 50 states have now implemented confidential name-based HIV infection reporting, only 37 states have been doing so long enough for the CDC to apply statistical adjustments. The HIV Surveillance Report for 2012 (published in 2014) will be the first time HIV data from all 50 states will be included.
- States and areas that use confidential name-based HIV infection reporting take personal details after diagnosis of HIV infection. When this data is submitted to the CDC all personal identifying information is removed.
- There is often a delay between the time of diagnosis of HIV or AIDS, or the time of death, and the time at which the event is reported. For this reason the CDC estimates the number of people living with HIV or AIDS by adjusting for reporting delays. No adjustment is made for incomplete reporting.
- The term 'living with AIDS' includes every living person who has ever received an AIDS diagnosis, regardless of their current state of health. The term 'living with a diagnosis of HIV infection' includes every living person with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis.
- On this page 'adults and adolescents' are defined as persons aged 13 years or more. The term 'transmission route' refers to the most probable route of transmission of HIV infection. The term 'male-to-male sexual contact' includes gay men, bisexual men and some men who consider themselves to be neither gay nor bisexual. The 'heterosexual contact' category comprises persons who report specific heterosexual contact with a person with, or at high risk for, HIV infection (e.g., an injection drug user). This does not include adults and adolescents born in, or who had sex with someone born in, a country where heterosexual transmission was believed to be the main mode of HIV transmission, unless they meet the criteria stated in the previous sentence.
Sources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) 'Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2008' Volume 20